READOUT · 07 / THE RECORD
BPC-157 references and citations
Every claim on this console resolves here. Each entry carries its PMID, DOI or authoritative URL so the source can be verified directly.
How to read this list
Every BPC-157 references entry below maps to an inline [N] marker somewhere on this site. Preclinical animal and in-vitro studies make up the bulk of the list, reflecting the literature itself; the human entries are the three small pilots and a narrative review; the regulatory entries are FDA pages and the FDA advisory-committee calendar, which ground the BPC-157 legal status and 503A category page.
Where a study reports a quantitative result used in the text — a dose, a percentage, a half-life, an n-value — that number is the study's own. Regulatory facts are cited to the FDA. The list is numbered; the full bibliographic detail, including each PMID or DOI, is in the references index.
- Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461. ↗
- Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
- Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. ↗
- Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. ↗
- He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. ↗
- Blagaic AB, et al. The influence of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute and chronic ethanol administration in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;499(3):289-298. ↗
- Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 — Possible Novel Therapy of Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(7):1052. ↗
- BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(10):1450. ↗
- Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. ↗
- McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
- Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. ↗
- Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant. Inflammopharmacology. 2025. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (BPC-157 entries 'BPC-157 (free base)' and 'BPC-157 acetate'; list entry effective September 29, 2023). ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; 503A/503B framework; January 7, 2025 interim-policy change). ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance landing page; finalized January 2025). ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda lists BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as bulk drug substances 'being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List' — a scheduled discussion, not a decision). ↗
- Over-Dose Lithium Toxicity as an Occlusive-like Syndrome in Rats and Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines. 2021;9(11):1506. ↗
- Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy: Effect on Reperfusion Following Maintained Intra-Abdominal Hypertension (Grade III and IV) in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(11):1554. ↗